Hamlet Essays (761 words) - Characters In Hamlet,

Hamlet HAMLETS MADNESS: Hamlet is mad, feigns madness or his pretense turns into real madness. Outline arguments for all three and discuss. 1.Hamlet begins with guards whose main importance in the play is to give credibility to the ghost. If Hamlet were to see his father's ghost in private, the argument for his madness would greatly improve. Yet, not one, but three men together witness the ghost before even thinking to notify Hamlet. As Horatio says, being the only of the guards to play a significant role in the rest of the play, Before my God, I might not this believe / Without the sensible and true avouch / Of mine own eyes. (I.i.56-8) Horatio, who appears frequently throughout the play, acts as an unquestionably sane alibi to Hamlet again when framing the King with his reaction to the play. That Hamlet speaks to the ghost alone detracts somewhat from its credibility, but all the men are witness to the ghost demanding they speak alone. Horatio offers an insightful warning: What if it tempts you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea, And there assume some other horrible form Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, And draw you into madness? Think of it. (I.iv.69-74) Horatio's comment may be where Hamlet gets the idea to use a plea of insanity to work out his plan. The important fact is that the ghost does not change form, but rather remains as the King and speaks to Hamlet rationally. There is also good reason for the ghost not to want the guards to know what he tells Hamlet, as the play could not proceed as it does if the guards were to hear what Hamlet did. It is the ghost of Hamlet's father who tells him, but howsomever thou pursues this act, / Taint not thy mind. (I.v.84-5) Later, when Hamlet sees the ghost again in his mothers room, her amazement at his madness is quite convincing. Yet one must take into consideration the careful planning of the ghost's credibility earlier in the play. After his first meeting with the ghost, Hamlet greets his friends cheerfully and acts as if the news is good rather than the devastation it really is. Horatio: What news, my lord? Hamlet: O, wonderful! Horatio: Good my lord, tell it. Hamlet: No, you will reveal it. (I.v.118-21) This is the first glimpse of Hamlet's ability and inclination to manipulate his behavior to achieve effect. Clearly Hamlet is not feeling cheerful at this moment, but if he lets the guards know the severity of the news, they might suspect its nature. Another instance of Hamlet's behavior manipulation is his meeting with Ophelia while his uncle and Polonius are hiding behind a curtain. Hamlet's affection for Ophelia has already been established in I.iii., and his complete rejection of her and what has transpired between them is clearly a hoax. Hamlet somehow suspects the eavesdroppers, just as he guesses that Guildenstern and Rosencrantz are sent by the King and Queen to question him and investigate the cause of his supposed madness in II.ii. Hamlet's actions in the play after meeting the ghost lead everyone except Horatio to believe he is crazy, yet that madness is continuously checked by an ever-present consciousness of action which never lets him lose control. For example, Hamlet questions his conduct in his soliloquy at the end of II.ii, but after careful consideration decides to go with his instinct and prove to himself without a doubt the King's guilt before proceeding rashly. Even after the King's guilt is proven with Horatio as witness, Hamlet again reflects and uses his better judgement in the soliloquy at the end of III.ii. before seeing his mother. He recognizes his passionate feelings, but tells himself to speak daggers to her, but use none, as his father's ghost instructed. Again, when in the King's chamber, Hamlet could perform the murder, but decides not to in his better judgement to ensure that he doesn't go to heaven by dying while praying. As Hamlet tells Guildenstern in II.ii., I am but mad north-north- west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk

Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson Essay Example

Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson Essay Example Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson Paper Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson Paper Imagine that you were depressed and didn’t talk about your problems. You find out that art is a way that you can express your feelings. In the novel Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson, Melinda expresses her emotions through her artwork. Melinda’s art shows how she grew when she spoke through art. Melinda’s artwork shows how unpleasant her life is. After the pep rally when Melinda was knocked down the bleachers. She drew an art project in Mr. Freemans class and says Ive been painting watercolors of trees that have been hit by lightning. I try to paint them so they are nearly dead, but not totally (Anderson 30-31).The trees that Melinda is painting are getting struck by lightning. The lightning that struck her is all of the kids at school who make fun of her and her ex-friends that ignore her.Melinda and the tree are both getting hurt in some way. Next, when Melindas in Mr.Freemans art class and tries to make her tree look real. â€Å"But when I try to carve it, it looks like a dead tree, toothpicks, a child’s drawing. I can’t bring it to life. I‘d love to give it up. Quit. But I can’t think of anything else to do, so I keep chipping away at it† (Anderson 78).Melinda carving the linoleum block symbolizes her social status. Her status ri ght now is going down hill just like her drawing, and she wants to give up, butshe doesn’t because there nothing else to do. Melindas art shows how she was not doing so well in school. Melindas artwork represents the progress that she has made. When Melinda was in biology she draws a picture. While in biology class Melinda is passing her notebook back and forth with David and she draws a picture of Ms. Keen as a robin and David draws a branch under her feet and slides the notebook back to me. and she tries to connect the branch to a tree. It looks pretty good, better than anything I have drawn so far in art† (anderson 109-110). This shows how in order for her tree to grow s

Humanities Ethics Research paper on Embryonic stem cell research

Humanities Ethics on Embryonic stem cell - Research Paper Example Research on the ES cells has then brought to the fore certain considerations with regard to human ethics. For the research to take place, the human embryo has to be harvested in order to investigate the phenomenon of interests. A balance cannot however be established between succeeding in helping another life using the embryo as it continues to exist. What are the ethical dilemmas involved in the embryonic stem cell researches? Despite the hot debate that surrounds the research use of embryonic stem cells, they offer better opportunity for harnessing certain therapies. Due to the controversy, most of the countries have adopted their own different rules that regulate the application of the Human Embryonic cells in research. Opinion is divided on what the value of human life is and the life of the embryo. It then exudes an ethical dilemma that complicates the application of the ES cells in solving most of the clinical problems (James, 45). The moral dilemma establishes a situation in w hich a choice has to be made from the two existing sensitive options. One, there is the duty prevent or relieve patients from chronic pains and two, the duty to respect the inherent value of human life. ... It has been however been difficult to approve one option vis-a-vis the other. The arguments then goes that it is not ethical to destroy embryo given the fact that they possess full moral status beginning from fertilization and as they progresses through maturity. Others observe that an embryo should be considered as a person despite the fact that it is still an embryo (James, 45). They espouse the retention of life of the embryo by stating that there is a continuous process involved in the life of an embryo beginning from fertilization. They note that just like an infant is considered a human being then is the embryo. The argument goes further that people would tend to dismiss the significance of an embryo as a person just because they do not have the characteristics of a human being (Holland, 43). This should not be the angle of justifications because through the process of growth, the embryo will develop the said attributes. They concur that it is arbitrary to determine the period or stage when personhood commences, hence an embryo should not be dismissed as not being a person (Holland, 43). However, another explosive counter argument has continued to make decisions on the ES cells application very difficult. It explains that an embryo lacks the justification levels of being described as a person (Holland, 43). This is because unlike humans they do not have emotional, psychological and physical properties exhibited by humans or persons. As such there is no interest at all that is demonstrated by the embryo to regard protection and should be used to help persons who are in deeper pains with their lives hanging on the balance (James, 45). Another argument indicates a â€Å"cut-off† point at 14

Roman Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Roman Britain - Essay Example Others historians evidence the long-term effect of the Roman presence in Britain for three and a half centuries. Client kingdoms were established to speed up the process of Romanisation, whilst units of the army (legions and auxiliaries) were put in place at intervals to defend the frontiers from outside attack and to look inwards as ‘police forces’ and to act in the role of a ‘pioneer corps’ 2. Caesar’s incursions and Claudius’ invasion saw many successful changes in the relationship between Rome and the British tribes, which were largely based upon the inescapable fact that neither side could afford to ignore the other. Rome wanted at least a balance of pro- and anti-Roman forces in southern Britain, if for no other reason than to sustain conditions which would allow unimpeded progress towards Romanisation. Client kings were appointed or dismissed at the whim of the current emperor. The institution provides a good illustration of Rome’s traditional readiness to adapt to circumstances. Usually the king’s task was to form a buffer between Roman territory and potential enemies; within the borders of the imperial, however, he might be appointed to rule areas whose terrain made them difficult to police, as in Cilicia in Asia Minor, where a mountainous area known as Rough Cilicia seems to have been administered by client-kings through most of the Julio-Claudian period 3. Rome’s interest in these outer barbarian lands was confined at this time to the safety of their new province. The practice, continued from an earlier period, had been to seek protection of frontiers through friendly states. A special arrangement under the Roman method of patronage visualised the creation or recognition of kingdoms, the rulers of which had a client relationship with the Senate and people of Rome and, after Augustus, with the Emperors. It was the primary duty of the client rulers to prevent people beyond the frontier from

Planned Parenthood Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planned Parenthood Education - Essay Example In the US, there is an underlying belief that abstinence approaches are effective because of a number of reasons. First of all, adherents to this belief claim that there are certain social, physical and psychological effects that will come as result of expressing one’s sexuality. Supporters of this principle claim that young people are not supposed to treat sex as part of their normal lives because they are too young. They believe that any form of sex outside marriage is simply wrong and out of context. People who hold this perspective are guided by a certain set of moral values. The major principle behind these values is that marriage is the only place for sex. They also hold the view that engaging in any sexual activities before marriage will only make things worse for teenagers. There are some negative effects that will come out of premarital sex and must be avoided at all costs. Adherents to this believe normally hold the view that condoms have very high failure rates and other forms of contraceptives are not appropriate for young people as they do not offer one hundred percent guarantee. It should be noted that many families in the United States are founded upon religious beliefs even though many of them may not like to admit it. Religion requires young people to wait until; marriage. Consequently, its society is to remain intact then teenagers need to refrain from having sex completely. Teaching young people that premarital sex is a moral failure does not prevent pregnancy. studies show that those with fearful and negative attitudes about sexuality are less likely to use contraception when they have sex than those who believe they have a right to decide to have sex' (Ira, 1990). Planned Parenthood education is quite plausible because it will teach teenagers the fact that sexuality is a perfectly healthy part of life. Additionally, teenagers get to understand all the beliefs and attitudes about sex. This is because the approach does not hide any issue from them. Besides these, Planned Parenthood education ensures that young people understand the true meaning of relationships while teaching them interpersonal skills at the same time. This method requires teachers to give accurate information; meaning that teenagers will understand how to protect themselves using condoms and will decrease risks of contracting sexually transmitted disease. However, this does not undermine the fact that the approach also talks about the effectiveness of abstinence in preventing teenage pregnancies. The approach addresses the fact that this is the only sure

The Impact Of Organic Growth In Enterprise Marketing Essay

The Impact Of Organic Growth In Enterprise Marketing Essay Development of enterprises have a lot of ways to achieve. The basic two ways are internal growth and external growth. Internal growth is know as organic, generic, internal base, or even core growth. With organic growth, the entrepreneur brings new resources together in an innovative combination to create new value. (Nieman and Pretorius 2007, p. 110). So it means the company growing by a natural way like growth of revenue, market share, products, service and more the company own resources, without acquisition, merger or cooperation with another company. (Garbade 2009, p. 3). And internal growth is kind of widely used strategy in business. The internal expansion and growth strategies can take one or more of the following forms (Nieman, 2003). The below is the definition from a book named . The external growth strategies all stand outside the micro and market business environment of existing business. external growth strategies must position the firm in relation to its position in the industry value chain. (Nieman and Pretorius 2007, p. 111). In my understanding the external growth refers to use outside resources to achieve the development of business. In the simply way the external growth strategy is the company through acquiring, merging or cooperating with another company. (Schwenker and Spremann 2008, p. 226). So i will talk about why the organizational preferred use organic growth in their business in the next article. In fact organic growth is a necessary and a smart long-term strategy for any business. Because when the company just set up, the company do not even have the power to merger or acquisition any other companies. They must use themselves resources and energy to ensure the business growth. The reason why the business should choose organic growth during their development, because organic growth relatively other growth strategy, it has low risk to business. In other words the market is instability, but develop self resources it could not be wrong. Repeat my earlier write, the organic growth is through growth of the company own resources. I will going to detail about how to growth those own resources. (Hess 2007, p. 1). Through increasing market share If expand the market share is almost like increase the turnover, volume, income or profit, but have some different more like expand the brand and to gaining and maintaining customer and consumer confidence, because you must let more people know you, at the same time the sales volume is increase. In addition, it need to expand the products range, let your products suit for more people rather than limit in a part of people. (Nieman and Pretorius 2007, p. 110). Expansion into new markets It is a number of ways to expand the market. Like through expand geographic areas, industries, target markets, branding of a product or even exporting. At the same times in a highly competitive sector the requirement is to broaden the appeal. Can through the products, price or service. (Nieman and Pretorius 2007, p. 111). And i think it a kind like increasing market share, but they are have a little bit different. Case study I: Muji Life-style Store Muji is a Japanese company. At first, it just sell limited products, like soy sauce, coffee, washing powder and toothbrushes, comprised 40 items only. They are totally use organic growth to develop their company. Just like the ways i talk about above. First they was build a image for their brand, that is Minimalism to market. Then they started to develop their products and outlets. Muji has following 32 years since, its establishment made dramatic progress by increasing its product line, which originally consisted of only 40 items to more than 7,000. In other words, it means market share was increasing at that time, because they have a lot of types of products now, like stationery, health and beauty, food, clothing, kitchen/tableware, furniture and home appliances. Those stuffs is include a lot of industries and it is a huge market, can take care different groups of consumers. And they also open store overseas by themself. In 1991, they opened a first overseas store in London, then c ontinuing open about 17 stores in British. Followed by those in France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Hong Kong, Tai Wan, South Korea, China and elsewhere, resulting in a total of around 51 stores in 13 countries. (Hiro 2007, p.p. 108-125). Muji overseas expansion 1991 2008 Source: Table by Chew Hui Min (2010) This table shows Muji status of expansion, as we can see stores opened increase every year. So it can prove Muji have success through by organic growth strategy. Developing new products Expand new products is one of the critical factor in the company. And creativity and innovation is a basic element in process of new product development. Product development covers a range of activities from minor modifications of existing products to the development of entirely new product concepts. (Nieman and Pretorius 2007, p. 111). The product development is a way to increase market share and customer groups. It kind like attempt to extend or prolong the product life-cycle. (Thompson 2001, p. 491). To my point of view the developing new products are very important to business, during a company growth, you can not sale one stuff forever, you must create in the volatile markets and to get more customers. Innovation Innovation is a change not a modification. It means a new product life-cycle, not only launch a product, it represent a company become different. In car industry, such as the Ford Escort or Ford Fiesta, every few years they have different new forms to appear, the changes for each new model were definitely different rather than essentially cosmetic. And each new model was very different from the existing model, simply the name was the same, so it called innovation. Similarly it is important to consider about the how to extending product life-cycle. For example: the Sony Walkman and similar personal cassette players have enjoyed their own successful life-cycle. At the same time they have extended the product life-cycle of cassette players in general. Innovation can be behind the invention of a new way of doing business. Maybe innovate can be risky in currently industry because it is a barrier against competition. The innovatory companies launch the new product ahead of their competitor to establish and consolidate a strong market position. Innovatory companies can stay ahead by introducing new products ahead by introducing new products ahead of their rivals and concentrating on production and marketing to establish and consolidate a strong market position. (Thompson 2001, p. 491). Constant innovation is likely to prove expensive and will require other products and strategies to be successful in order to provide the funding. (Thompson 2001, p. 492). Case study II: Lego Company Lego is a company to make plastic building bricks for children, was launched in 1949. And always proved popular in the industry renowned for changing tastes and preferences and for innovation. And the basic strategy they used is product development, and Lego create a lot of types on its basic product theme. By the mid-1990s some 300 different kits (at a wide range of prices) were available worldwide. There were 1,700 different parts including bricks, shapes and miniature people. And children could use those to make almost anything from cars to large, complex, working space stations with battery-operated space trains. And the colours of bricks can be selected to appeal to both boys and girls. They even launched more complex Lego Techinc sets to attract young teenage market. At the same times, it is times of a changing tastes and by the growing popularity of computer games. Lego was choose a new range extension, a new kit especially for girls in 1997. It was a dolls house series comple te with miniature dolls and furniture. One year later, Lego began to market construction kits with microchips and instructions on CD-ROMS. They introduced a new mind-storms range, to built around a brick powered by AA batteries, which could be incorporated into a variety of different models and also could then be instructed to move with the aid of an infra-red transmitter. More recently, lego has ventured into the computer games market with CD-based products, the users can build train sets, vehicles,etc., on screen. Some years ago, Lego was build theme park, featuring rides and displays built with Lego bricks in Denmark, followed by in San Diego, USA. In the late 1990s the UK park was attracting 1.5 million visitors every year. (Thompson 2001, p.p. 483-484). Its hard to believe a company just sell bricks when they start, now is a huge toy kingdom, and they even enter the tourist industry. Its just because they know how to use product development and innovation to grow their company. They create a variety of ways to expand their business. Therefore use product development and innovation strategy are good ways to develop company and growing company in all respects. After so many strategies, we should be talk about how the company know that those strategies is work in the business. We can through in several metrics, like financial, operational and behavioral. The company to understand which areas of their are not performing as efficiently as possible by those metrics, then they take action to shore up those numbers. And financial metrics is through understand your companys profit, revenue and cost. (Hess 2007, p. 97). For example: This is how Wal-Mart to measure. Sam Walton was a stickler for numbers, when he started Wal-Mart. He required managers to be in the field Monday through Thursday. Friday was retail merchandising review day, and Saturday morning was financial metric review day. In his autobiography, Walton wrote that he awakened very early every Saturday morning to go over numbers on every store so that he could discuss them at the Saturday morning manager meeting. Financial metrics helped him to manage the company by identifying opportunities for improvement. (Hess 2007, p. 98). Of course every company need to report financial results. In organic growth companies do much more than this. They measure every part of their value chain. The operational metrics include measure about human resources. A good company must engage their employees have high tenure. Because if you have high employment turnover, it is hard to build a be-better organizational culture. Because you need constant to training, communicate with them, to build loyalty. Opposite, they already have the loyalty and it is an engaged employees take responsibility for and ownership of their jobs. It means the company must have high employee satisfaction, high employee loyalty and productivity, and employee turnover substantially below industry averages. For example: Best Buy have more than 167 thousand employees and the employee turnover is 20 percent below the industry average. (Hess 2007, p. 117). So it not only prove a companys capability but also show how strong is the company. Actually organic growth is a slow strategy, and financed by asking shareholders to contribute more capital or by ploughing back profits into the business. The company must step by step to achieve growth. (The Times 100 Business Case Studies 2012). First of all you must have a detailed plans, like which way you want to expand, then give a plan in that direction. For example you want through development product to achieve growth, so you must know what kind of product you want to create. And set a goal for every quarter of year. Still need check yourself during the developing. Except growth by organic, the another to achieve growth is external growth. Compare with organic growth, the growth by internal is less risks than external. In fact, the organic growth have disadvantages, but the main disadvantage of such an approach is that it takes time and in the meantime rivals may be expanding and gaining competitive advantage. I have mentioned above the external growth is through acquiring, merging or cooperating with another company. It is a fast strategy but have a lot of risks, like growing too fast, losing existing customers and lack of control during expansion and numerous challenges in communication and cohesion. (Maughan 2012). In addition external growth is seek external finance or by merger and acquisition. These way tend to rely on bringing external finance into the business in order to fund expansion, and therefore can lead to a deteriorating gearing position. But organic growth can keep a healthy gearing position. Because it is not building up exter nal debts (requiring interest repayments) and it is better keep solvent growth. In addition ownership and control of the business is more likely to be retained by the existing shareholders. (The Times 100 Business Case Studies 2012). The another disadvantage of external growth is that where two companies come together, the cultures may be quite different and difficult to match up. In organic growth side no crashes in culture, because organic growth do not through external business to achieve success therefore there are no cultural crash. (BASE Blog 2012). Moreover may be have some disagreements between managers who are used to working with different practices and systems. (The Times 100 Business Case Studies 2012). We talk a lot of about organic growth strategy, now we going to a basic question, why the company preferred to choose organic growth as their strategy. In my view, first, it is a necessary process of business, if company without organic growth unless the owner is a very very rich man, then you can merger or acquisition other. Otherwise you need develop by yourself ability. Second, external growth is a high risk strategy relatively to organic growth, so why a company prefer high risk rather than lower risk? Last, as above said organic growth is very slow process strategy but it is a long-term strategy to growth companies. And when the company use this strategy to achieve success, it means this company have excellent capability in the industry. Generally in my opinion if i start a business will choose the organic growth. Because it is a basic strategy to a business, though it is a low strategy but it very safe to business. And it can show and prove the capability of business. We you achieve success by organic growth strategy the company will be independent. May be when the company on later stage have capability to use external growth to more improve the development but i still respect organic growth. It is a long-term way to keep business growth, and we can use a combination of internal and external growth, but can not abandon organic growth.

Barry Sanders :: Sports Athletes Essays

Barry Sanders Barry Sanders arguably the best back ever to play the game of football. Barry is not one of those players who is just out there to make money, he loves the game and is always trying his hardest when he is out there. Barry Sanders was born July 16th, 1968 in Wichita, Kansas. He grew up in a family being one of eleven other children. When Barry was a kid he was considered to be too short to play football well at the college level. In fact, his 1,417 yards rushing in his senior year of high school wasn't enough to impress college recruiters. One recruiter told Barry's coach, "We don't need another midget." Only two colleges offered Barry a football scholarship. Barry accepted a scholarship from Oklahoma State University and the rest is now history. Here are some of Barrys career achievements that he has done in the short time he has played the game. Which has made him such the over achiever that he is. 1988, won the Heisman Trophy Award for best player in the nation. 1989, lead the NFC in rushing and was Rookie of the Year. 1992, became the Lions' All-Time leading rusher. 1994, rushed for the fourth best NFL season record of 1,883 yards and included a 237 yards in week 11 vs. Tampa Bay. In 1996, became the first player in NFL history to rush for over 1,000 yards in his first eight seasons, won the NFL rushing title, selected to the Pro Bowl for the eighth time and became the first player to rush for over 1,500 yards in three consecutive seasons. Sanders continues adding to his extraordinary numbers on the field. He has run for 1,300 yards and now stands seventh among the NFL’s all-time rushers with 11,472, having surpassed Ottis Anderson, O.J. Simpson and John Riggins. He’s 128 yards behind Kansas City’s Marcus Allen, Sanders’ boyhoodhero when he was growing up in Wichita, Kan., and Allen was a Los Angeles Raider. Next year, providing he keeps up this trend of 1,000-yard seasons, Sanders will pass Franco Harris (12,120), Jim Brown (12,312) and Tony Dorsett(12,739) and slide into third place behind Eric Dickerson (13,259) and Walter Payton (16,726). Sanders is the first player in league history to rush for at least 1,000 yards in eight straight seasons, and Thursday he was named to his eighth straight Pro Bowl. â€Å"Anytime he touches the ball, it’s a highlight reel,† says Allen, now in his 15th NFL season.

Quarantine of 1937

The Quarantine of 1937 The Quarantine of 1937 The Quarantine Speech of 1937 given by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) propositioned the idea of quarantining aggressive nations as an alternative to war. Even though many Americans were drawn to isolation, FDR was hoping to convince 90 percent of the American population this was the way to go (Haight, 1962). During the speech FDR did not specifically point out a nation which was being targeted but it was likely he was talking about the war in Europe or was it geared towards Japan and their aggression towards China. By remaining vague, Roosevelt had the advantage of not committing himself to a specific policy or set actions† (AP Central, 2002). The isolationist feeling of Americans were that of refraining from political and economic relations with other countries. Roughly ten years after World War I the United States fell into the great depression where a lot of money was invested and America did not fully recover. This ma y have been weighing on the minds of the citizens of the United States and swaying their attitudes toward the isolationist feeling.The Neutrality Acts of the 1930’s were originally passed as a way to thwart the United States from entering into foreign wars thus showing the United States neutrality (U. S Department of State Office of the Historian, n. d. ). FDR did not like the international aggression which was taking place around the world. His views and quarantine speech led to many protests by isolationist in America (Aboukhadijeh, 2012). FDR wanted to redirect his foreign policy from the problems in England and France towards Germany to that of domestic problems which had more importance to him (Brajkovic, 1978).With his speech FDR was trying to rally Americans around the idea of joining with other countries and cut ties with the belligerents. American’s having isolationist feelings does what for the United States? By following through with the quarantine will send a message to aggressive countries that the United States will sit back and let it occur. By amending the laws of neutrality and adding to them that there should be a greater focus on hold countries accountable for their actions. FDR stated â€Å"In times of so-called peace, ships are being attacked and sunk by submarines without cause or notice† (Roosevelt, 1937).These types of actions are not okay, especially when the incidents directly affect Americans by killing the innocent. Americans can only sit and watch for so long. World War I was taxing on America, but if this quarantine does not come to fruition then aggressive countries will keep on violating treaties and bring war to neighboring countries which have nothing to do with the aggressors. â€Å"Without declaration of war and without warning or justification of any kind, civilians, including vast numbers of women and children, are being ruthlessly murdered with bombs from the air† (Roosevelt, 1937).If these typ es of events occurred in the United States, how would the public opinion and reaction change? Just like the events during the Spanish-American War in 1898 American stepped in to help Cuba ending in the complete cut off of Spain from the new world. By quarantining aggressive countries America is following the Neutrality Act of 1937 which states that Americans are forbidden from traveling on ships of aggressive nations and prohibits the transportation of arms to aggressive countries even if those arms are made outside the United States (U. S Department of State Office of the Historian, n. . ). America needs to put the isolationist attitude on the back burner. World War I is done and over with. The United States needs to take a stand. By doing so, countries will know and recognize America as a true power and will have to take responsibility for the actions take by their country. â€Å"War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote fro m the original scene of hostilities† (Roosevelt, 1937). This quote from FDR’s Quarantine Speech shows that no matter what neutral counties do or view a war at some point in time they will be affected by it.By entering in to a quarantine of aggressive countries with other nations could possibly stop the flow of merchandise into those countries not allowing them to continue on in their ways. America has always hoped and wanted peace. â€Å"America hates war. America hopes for peace. Therefore, America actively engages in the search for peace† (Roosevelt, 1937). Peace will come from not allowing violent countries to continue the actions they are taking. The United States needs to step up with the assistance of all Americans to help stop these countries. ReferencesAboukhadijeh, F. (2012). Chapter 35: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War, 1933-1941. Retrieved from http://www. apstudynotes. org/us-history/outlines/chapter-35-franklin-d-roosevelt-and-the-shadow-o f-war-1933-1941/ AP Central. (2002). Franklin Roosevelt: The Quarantine Speech. Retrieved from http://apcentral. collegeboard. com/apc/Pageflows/TeachersResource/viewResourceDetail. do? source=tr&resourceId=4489 Brajkovic, H. J. (1978). The Foreign Policy of Franklin D. Roosevelt To The Entry Into World War II. Retrieved from http://www. yale. du/ynhti/curriculum/units/1978/3/78. 03. 05. x. html#c Haight, J. M. (1962). Roosevelt and the Aftermath of the Quarantine Speech [Research Article]. The Review of Politics, 24(02), 233-259. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1017/S0034670500009669 Roosevelt, F. D. (1937). Quarantine Speech (October 5, 1937). Retrieved from http://millercenter. org/president/speeches/detail/3310 U. S Department of State Office of the Historian. (n. d. ). MILESTONES: 1921-1936: The Neutrality Acts, 1930s. Retrieved from http://history. state. gov/milestones/1921-1936/Neutrality_acts

Huck Finns Journey to Morality essays

Huck Finns Journey to Morality essays Huckleberry Finns Journey to Morality In Mark Twains novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn we see through the eyes of a brilliant child, the prejudice world he lives in, and the reality that is thrown at him in his journey down the Mississippi River. He learns to see the true society he is a part of by encountering many different characters. These characters will unknowingly turn this innocent and perceptive young boy into a moral-based and caring young man. Miss Watson tries to show Huck the good of Christianity, while the King and Duke prove to him that there are always some people left in the world who are inhumane. With both of these influences, Hucks morals become as strong as they possibly can. He goes against society to save a man whom he never considered would be a friend for life. Huck is unable to grasp Miss Watsons religion. He does not care for the past and takes ...no stock in dead people(Twain 4). Miss Watson tells Huck that if he prays for something, he will get it. Huck tests the theory and is let down. He says, It warnt so. I tried it. Once I got a fish-line, but no hooks. I tried for the hooks three times, but somehow I couldnt make it work (Twain 12). The hypocrisy is that Huck prays for the hooks, does not receive them, and wonders why. What he does not realize is that he cannot pretend to act like he understands the whole concept, and expect to receive the hooks. After Huck is taken by his father and escapes down the river, he gets hungry, and bread reaches him down the river. Huck thinks the bread is sent to him because of Miss Watsons prayers. He realizes he may not understand it all but says, ...theres something in it when a body like the widow or the parson prays, but it dont work for me, and I reckon it dont work for only just the ri ght kind(Twain 37). Continuing on his way with Jim, Huck ...

A Response to Richard Vernons Article The Federal Citizen Essays

A Response to Richard Vernons Article The Federal Citizen Essays A Response to Richard Vernons Article The Federal Citizen Essay A Response to Richard Vernons Article The Federal Citizen Essay In this response I will attempt to prove that federalism is not an ideologically determined system, and that the basis of its structure is visible in all types of political orientation, such as the United States, the former Soviet Union and Canada. In this response to Richard Vernons article The Federal Citizen, I will attempt to prove that the essence of federalism is actually a general theme that is available for extraction in all levels of human interaction, from the individual in society to the highest level of supra-government. As Vernon concludes, the three conceptions which necessitate federalism as a constitutional entity are; democratic responsiveness, the openness of choice of identification, and the preservation of politics from (unqualified) nationalism.1 To begin an assessment of Vernons argument for federalism it is first necessary to have a working definition of what this system is and what the goals of its implementation are. It appears to be the idea of dual citizenship, which distinguishes the aspirations of federalism from other systems. This entails belonging to an upper-level national government as well as identifying oneself with a sub level provincial or territorial government. While this is generally agreed to be the goal of federalism, its implementation and even its purpose have been consequently stretched to all shades of the political spectre. Being a broad and loosely defined doctrine, I have chosen to divide my assessment of federalism into four sections, defined as an ideology, a political tool an individual modus operandi and as an economic model. Vernons own definition appears to fulfill the ideological perspective quite neatly and requires no further introduction. As a political tool, federalism attempts to strike a balance between the powers of governmental levels as well as providing representation for majority and minority groups simultaneously. For the individual, federalism can be viewed as a method of placing oneself in the context of ones community and nation simultaneously and separately. The economic view of the federal model is a theory for maximizing utility, in monetary and social forms, while minimizing the costs to create an optimally efficient entity. Two popular forms of federalism which can be inspected from these four perspectives are inter and intra-federalism. Inter-state federalism supports strong decentralized provincial governments where the upper level government serves to monitor the activities of the sub level governments and lead the pursuit of general common goals. From an ideological perspective, inter-state federalism avoids the problem of monarchies and empires that have a centralized structure, which makes them vulnerable to revolution or attack at a single geographical point, the Roman Empire would be a suitable example of such a system. The political analysis reveals that this breed of federalism can lead to an insulation of the individual provinces and, as in the case of Quebec, may cause individual provinces to seek secession from the federal government. It would also appear that minorities within the provinces themselves would not have as high a chance of assistance from the federal government, which would be effectively subservient to the combined powers of the provincial governments. From an individual point of view, a citizen would be more concerned with the political occurrences of her own province and feel a general apathy toward political action at the highest level as well as a disinterest in international politics. A modern example of one of the shortcomings of inter-state federalism is available in the American Civil Rights movement. A deadlock between state and federal government in Alabama meant that racial segregation policies in schools were not officially ratified until 1968, a substantially long time if one considers the date at which Abraham Lincoln officially freed African Americans. This example indicates the general problem of a lack of responsiveness by government to implement immediately the ideological principles it bases itself upon. An economic critique of inter-state federalism reveals that the lack of unification will lead to a dis-economy of scale, meaning that resources that might have been saved through mass, or national, production were used inefficiently. Another interesting consequence of the economic model analysis, is that redistribution of goods or services by a more balkanized government, has the potential of favouritism between jurisdictional levels, assuming that territorial divisions create pockets of culturally or otherwise distinct groups who may be favoured over others. As the division of power gives more individuals the authority to distribute goods or services to smaller groups of individuals, it is assumed that an increase in favouritism will occur. On the other side of the spectre we find intra-state federalism, which concentrates combined regional interests at the centre of government. While in its most extreme form intra-state federalism is nothing more than pluralism, and therefore uninteresting to an exploration of federalism; paradoxically, not all its premises have been denounced. Even anarchist writers such as Proudhon, sought the influence of the intra-state upper level government in their political writings to act as a guarantor of civil liberties and minority rights. Of course, the centralized government from this perspective does not increase its democratic responsiveness to the individual citizen, nor does it protect its citizenry from unqualified nationalism. The argument of political thinkers such as Proudhon, and later George Woodcock, is that a nation-state is too vast and remote to serve the individual citizen adequately; the bureaucracy of large government is too inhuman to accommodate the needs and desires of the people it wishes to represent. Only by narrowing the focus and reducing the size of the government and its population can the institution of government be representative of its people. This theory is considered to be a co-operative model of federalism, where all actions of government are a direct result of popular will. Unfortunately, this theory does little to support the case of minority populations and would necessitate an environment of dispassionate compromise and would pose a threat to groups that tried to distinguish themselves culturally or otherwise. This model is contrasted by a political view of pluralism, where divisions of territory are seen not as cultural demarcations but as fractions of the whole system, where power is checked and balanced by other delegates of power. This picture conflicts with the intended co-operative spirit, and would be just as likely to lead to the restraining of beneficial government action as it would be to enabling it. A division of territory will inevitably lead to inequalities between provinces, consequently, if these divisions are placed in conflict with each other there will doubtlessly be victors and vanquished. It seems fantastic that a single political system could sustain being equally present on opposite sides of the political arena. To arrive any nearer the exact nature of what federalism represents it will be necessary to look slightly more philosophically at what exactly the implications of a multi-levelled government are. Throughout the arguments presented above, it would appear that the dualistic nature of self-identification has survived. I would presently like to propose that its survival is due to the fact that it is prevalent everywhere. The attitude of being from a country but a culturally distinct part of that country is not exclusive to federal nations. I myself being from Norway, consider Bergen my home, and culturally distinct from the rest of the nation. Similar cases are extant throughout the world, from London to Thailand, people will always find ways to distinguish and associate themselves. In terms of political interests, unitary countries often have a citizenry who are more acutely aware of developments on the national level not only of their own nation but of those around it as well. The development of the European Union has had a tremendous impact on how citizens of separate nation-states see themselves as a part of a whole, and the improvement and maintenance of that whole as a collective responsibility. To expand the argument outwards, the United Nations has the potential to unify all nations as subordinate entities. It would appear that federalism is not a necessary condition for a dualistic existence where an individual feels responsibility towards two separate political bodies; the evidence seems to indicate that many people exist on multiple levels of commitment and that the numbers of these allegiances are determined by ones own awareness of the world. I would propose that the theory of Vernons dualism could be transferred to the general principle of awareness, albeit in his case of a political nature. The only remaining arguments for federalism were the three presented at the beginning of this response, namely, democratic responsiveness, choice of identification and protection from unqualified nationalism. To argue against these points individually will require that they are accepted as legitimate claims, in spite of the fact that they all contain an ideological bias. If the premise that federalism is a system without ideological attachments is accepted then all three points become moot. However, I would like to argue that another outlook is available that achieves these apparent goals of federalism. It seems that at least two of the three ideological prerequisites for the existence of federalism, the choice of identification and the protection from unqualified nationalism, can be better and more precisely met by looking outside of the national arena altogether. By having a greater awareness of ones identity in a global context, one would be more free to choose which aspects of that identity one wished to represent and less inclined towards the celebration of one nation-state alone. As argued by Plato in The Republic, the structure of man and a community serve as interchangeable vehicles. Therefore, if it is possible to define a mode of behaviour on a personal level, that exact form is applicable in a proportionate dimension to nation-states or international organisations. The argument proceeds, that an analysis of a given political structure or society will reveal the form of the individuals within that society, in effect their social roles. It is on this principle that I believe the third goal of Vernons federalism is to be found. I would like to argue that the essence of democracy is a philosophical state of being with a pattern of behaviour associated with that state. It would be futile to look to the real world for a responsive democratic government, as with federalism, democracy has become an abstract notion that all countries of the world either title themselves or aspire to. We must therefore accept democracy as an abstract mental projection, an ideal form to which we find only distortions in reality. The essence of democracy is arguably somewhere in between fairness and justice; again two abstract projections neither of which can be said to have corresponding physical manifestations. Therefore, the implications of the term democratic responsiveness are much more complex than a mere streamlining of bureaucratic protocol. I will unfortunately, be unable to give any alternative to federalism for this goal, as I am u nsure of its exact meaning and of Richard Vernons intent when he stated it. The reason that I feel Vernon and his predecessors failed to disentangle themselves from the federalist notion was that they tried to build a framework specific to their political alliances. By setting ideological parameters on a universal principle such as awareness, they blinded their own awareness to the essential truth of what they were exploring. Instead of seeing the ability to juggle several conflicting alliances simultaneously as a natural and necessary condition of human and therefore societal existence, Vernon attempted to establish an absolute truth within a very specific theoretical framework. What he failed to realize was that this basic condition of awareness was the absolute truth and that it existed independent of any political system or framework. I would like to challenge Vernon to find any extant political or social system that could not be interpreted as having his general federalist structure. In conclusion, I would argue that the importance of federalism as a dualist system is a misconception and that all politically aware people exist and view themselves in a multi-levelled society. Vernons ideological claims are not best represented by federalism from an individualistic, ideological, economic or political standpoint. The basic tenants of federalism, as outlined in his closing remarks are not representative of the broad political spectrum which the system crosses. I believe that for federalism to become a concrete political system would require a much closer definition of its constitutional framework.

John D. Rockefeller, critical analysis. Did he make America better Research Paper

John D. Rockefeller, critical analysis. Did he make America better. NON-Biographical - Research Paper Example Whether his intention in giving back to the country that made him super wealthy was altruistic is debatable and shall be debatable. Saint or capitalist sinner, John D. Rockefeller undoubtedly changed the face of business in America as well as its attitude toward education. John D. Rockefeller, the storied industrial mogul and philanthropist â€Å"...appeared to the general public either as a demon of avarice and extortion...or as a high-minded philanthropist, bestowing his bounty with charitable devotion to good works† (Latham, Introduction v). It is undeniable, however, that perhaps one of the most important contributions by Rockefeller was in the area of education. Generally today we think of the State University of New York (SUNY) system as one of the finest in the country and we credit Rockefeller for its original and ongoing funding. Yet one wonders based on evidence presented whether his motives were as pure as most would like to think. Gatto’s quote of Benjamin Kidd, the British evolutionist, provides a chilling analysis of these intentions as a way for him and the â€Å"Education Trust† of the early twentieth century to â€Å"impose on the young the idea of subordination† (Chapter 2:2) – a subordination that would ultimately further the goals of capitalist endeavors by creating a malleable workforce. Rockefeller himself in the 1906 Occasional Letter Number One is quoted by Gatto: â€Å"...In our dreams...people yield themselves with perfect docility to our molding hands† (Chapter 2: 2) Rockefeller goes on to admit his intention [and the intention of capitalist support of mass education] is not to educate great thinkers but to â€Å"organize children...and teach them to do in a perfect way the things their fathers and mothers are doing in an imperfect way† (Gatto, Chapter 2:2). Intentions aside, and Rockefeller’s view of what he was actually promoting

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Land Law - Essay Example The position of the ?40,000 'compensation' paid by Brad. 5. Possibility of Celeb Bank removing Angelina from the premises. Rules â€Å"A mortgage is a security for a loan†1. This involves a transfer of a legal or equitable interest in the borrower's land to the mortgage with a provision that the mortgagee's interest shall end upon the repayment of the loan plus interests and costs2. This means that a mortgage is some kind of a loan that is given to enable a borrower to get interest in a land. The mortgagee (one taking the mortgage) gets interest to a given land or property whilst it is paid for by the mortgagor from the owner of the land3. In the case of Abbey National Building Society V Cann4 G lived with his mother D in a property. D contributed to the purchase price of a property that they moved into which G, the son, held for himself and his mother. They moved to a smaller house costing ?4,000 more than the previous house they both bought. The mother was only aware of the necessity to move but she was not aware of the fact that her son had taken another mortgage of ?25,000 with the defendants. Due to the son's failure to repay the mortgage, Abbey National Bank sought to repossess the house. D, the mother, was now living with her partner in the same house and she argued that she had an equitable proprietary right under the Land Registration Act 1925 (Now Land Registration Act, 2002). She therefore moved from the new premises and entered the old house that the bank was repossessing 35 minutes before the bank took over. The bank argued that D had no rights in the property. In deciding the case, the court examined whether the property could have been purchased without the mortgage or not. Also, the occupation of the premises under Section 70 (1) g of the Land Registration Act 1925 had to be permanent and not temporal in nature. It was therefore held that D had no rights to the property. In Ingram V CIR5 the question of determining the equitable right was based on whether the contribution made by a person claiming equitable rights to the property was vital in the acquisition of the mortgage or not. If it was, then the person has proprietary rights. If not, then there was no such right. Also, in National Province Bank Ltd V Ainsworth6 a distinction was made between proprietary interest and personal interest. In this case, the House of Lords held that before a right or interest can be admitted to the category of property right, it must be definable, identifiable by a third party and have some degree of permanence or stability. If there are some rights that do not fall in this category, it is classified as personal interest and is not a proprietary right and cannot lead to any claim under property law or trust law. Also, in the case of Lloyd Bank and Rosset7 it was held that the failure to contributing to the cost of running a house is not sufficient to create a proprietary right in a given property. Pettitt V Pettitt8 also demonstrate d that a man who contributed by making improvements to a house bought and owned by his wife was not substantial enough to create a proprietary interest. Where there was some contributions that was made by a cohabitee to the property, it becomes a resulting trust9. On the other hand, if the